Entry #13 - Genre, Text, Grammar

1. GENRE, TEXT, GRAMMAR 
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3. GENRE   
4. Based approaches to WRITING are based on a FUNCTIONAL MODEL of LANGUAGE which emphasis on social constructedness of language.
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6. TEXT AND DISCOURSE 
   
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• TEXT is a discourse in verbal communication. 

1.            - TEXT IN USE = DISCOURSE 
2.            - TEXT is a meaning-producing event. 

• DISCOURSE is formed by sequences of utterances. 

                - Ambiguity found in an isolated utterance disappears within DISCOURSE.

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2. How is a TEXT created?
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4. Derewianca`s model (2001)

1. How did this model evolve?
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• - CONTEXT OF SITUATION & CONTEXT OF CULTURE - Malinowski (1923, 1935) 
• - Development of Malinowski’s model - Firth (1957) 
• - LANGUAGE SYSTEM - M. Halliday (1985, 1994 
• - Prev. Model - Derewianca (2001)

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2. CONTEXT of SITUATION (Language System) 

• Field (IDEATIONAL FUNCTION) 

                  - Refers to the subject matter or topic.

1.              -"What is happening?" "What is the activity?“ 
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• Tenor (INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION) 

1.              - Refers to the roles of the participants in an interaction. 
2.              - "Who are participating and what is their relative status or power?“ 
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• Mode (TEXTUAL FUNCTION) 

1.               - Refers to the channel of communication. 
2.               - "What is the language doing?"
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4. LANGUAGE is 
5. - NATURAL & CULTURAL 
6.  - INDIVIDUAL & SOCIAL
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8. GENRE ANALYSIS –   Genre Analysis (Bhatia, 2004) – Bhatia’s ‘four-space’ model 
9. - Language as text 
10.  - Language as genre 
11. - Language as professional practice 
12.  - Language as social practice  
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14. SPEECH vs WRITING

• SPEECH

1. - To communicate 
2. - Sound 
3. - Temporal 
4. -Immediate 
5. - Sequencial 
6. - Little editing (time fillers) 

• WRITING

1. - To communicate 
2. - Visual 
3. - Exists in TIME 
4. - Deferred 
5. - Hierarchical 
6. - Can be edited 
7. - Enhances abstraction: language development
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9. Why genre, text & grammar approach? 
10. - “To provide students with the ability to use the codes of writing (the genres and grammar) effectively and efficiently. Without these codes, writing can be a frustrating and unproductive process.” (Knapp & Watkins, 2005:17)
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12.  5 FUNDAMENTAL GENRES
13.  -Describing 
14. - Explaining 
15. - Instructing 
16. - Arguing 
17. - Narrating

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Adapted from: http://academicwriting-now.blogspot.com/2019/06/new-chapter.html